教學模式與方法 (Instructional Delivery Models & Methods)
- Mu Mei Hsueh
- 2 days ago
- 5 min read
這是一份關於「教學模式 (Instructional Delivery Models)」的詳細解說與範例對照,包含英文與中文,幫助你更具體地理解這些概念在考試與教學現場的應用。
1. 入班支援 (Push-in)
Explanation (解說): The ESL teacher enters the general education classroom to provide support to English Learners (ELs) during regular instruction. Instead of taking students out, the specialist brings the support to them. ESL 老師進入普通教育班級,在常規教學期間為英語學習者 (ELs) 提供支援。專家不將學生帶離教室,而是將支援帶入課堂。
Example (範例):
English: During a 5th-grade Science lesson on the solar system, Mr. Smith (the ESL teacher) comes into the classroom. While the main teacher lectures, Mr. Smith sits with a small group of ELs, helping them understand difficult vocabulary like "orbit" and "gravity" using pictures and whispering simplified explanations.
Chinese: 在五年級關於太陽系的自然課上,Smith 老師(ESL 老師)進入教室。當班導師講課時,Smith 老師坐在幾位英語學習者旁邊,利用圖片並輕聲用簡化的解釋,協助他們理解像「軌道」和「地心引力」這些困難的詞彙。
2. 抽離式 (Pull-out)
Explanation (解說): ELs are removed (pulled out) from the general education classroom for a portion of the day to receive specialized English language instruction in a separate room. This is often used for intensive language focus. 英語學習者在一天中的某段時間被移出(抽離)普通班級,到獨立的教室接受專門的英語語言教學。這通常用於密集的語言訓練。
Example (範例):
English: Three beginner-level students leave their regular homeroom class for 45 minutes every morning. They go to Ms. Garcia's ESL room to practice basic phonics, sight words, and everyday conversation skills before returning to their regular class.
Chinese: 三位初級程度的學生每天早上離開原本的班級 45 分鐘。他們前往 Garcia 老師的 ESL 教室練習基礎發音、視覺詞彙 (sight words) 和日常對話技巧,結束後再返回原本的班級。
3. 融合教育 (Inclusion)
Explanation (解說): ELs are educated in the general education classroom alongside native English speakers. The goal is to make them full members of the class community. The general education teacher (sometimes with a co-teacher) adapts the instruction to meet their needs within the standard curriculum. 英語學習者與英語母語學生一起在普通班級接受教育。目標是讓他們成為班級社群的完全成員。普通班教師(有時與協同教師合作)會在標準課程架構下調整教學以滿足學生的需求。
Example (範例):
English: Maria, an intermediate EL, stays in her regular Social Studies class for the entire day. She is not pulled out. The teacher supports her inclusion by providing her with a graphic organizer to take notes and pairing her with a "buddy" who speaks both English and her native language to ensure she participates in the group project.
Chinese: Maria 是一位中級程度的英語學習者,她整天都待在原本的社會課班級裡,沒有被抽離。老師透過提供組織圖 (graphic organizer) 讓她做筆記,並安排一位會說英語和她母語的「學伴」與她一組,確保她能參與小組專案,以此支持她的融合學習。
4. 庇護式教學 (Sheltered Instruction / SIOP)
Explanation (解說): An instructional approach where teachers use specific strategies to make grade-level academic content (like Math, Science, or History) comprehensible to ELs while simultaneously promoting their English language development. It focuses on content + language. 一種教學方法,教師使用特定策略使年級程度的學科內容(如數學、科學或歷史)讓英語學習者能夠理解,同時促進他們的英語語言發展。其重點在於學科內容 + 語言學習雙管齊下。
Example (範例):
English: In a high school Biology class, the teacher uses the SIOP model to teach "Photosynthesis." She does not simplify the science (students still learn the complex process), but she simplifies the language by using diagrams, hands-on models, sentence starters, and pre-teaching key vocabulary so ELs can master the biology concept.
Chinese: 在一堂高中生物課上,老師使用 SIOP 模式教授「光合作用」。她沒有簡化科學知識(學生仍然學習複雜的過程),但她透過使用圖表、實作模型、句子起頭 (sentence starters) 和預教關鍵單字來簡化語言,讓英語學習者能夠掌握生物學概念。
ESOL 教學模式比較表 (Instructional Delivery Models Comparison)
模式名稱 | 核心定義 (Definition) | 上課地點 (Location) | 主要教師 (Instructor) | 關鍵差異 (Key Difference) | 考試重點與關鍵字 (Exam Focus & Keywords) |
入班支援 (Push-in) | [cite_start]ESL 老師進入普通班級,提供即時支援 。 | 普通班級 (General Ed Classroom) | 協同教學 (Co-teaching):ESL 老師 + 普通班導師 | 專家「走進去」幫忙,學生不用離開教室。 | 考試關鍵字: • Co-teaching / Collaboration (協同) • Small group support (小組支援) • 不錯過學科教學內容 |
抽離式 (Pull-out) | [cite_start]學生離開原班級,去專用教室上英語課 。 | ESL 教室 / 獨立空間 (Separate Room) | ESL 老師 (ESL Specialist) | 學生「被拉出來」,進行密集的語言訓練。 | [cite_start] 考試關鍵字: • Intensive language instruction (密集語言) • 缺點考題:考試常問此法的缺點,即學生會錯過原本班級的學科進度 (missing content instruction) 。 |
融合教育 (Inclusion) | [cite_start]學生作為班級的一份子,在普通班級學習,課程經過調整 。 | 普通班級 (General Ed Classroom) | 普通班導師 (General Ed Teacher) (有時有助理) | 強調「歸屬感」,不將 EL 視為外人,而是一起學習但調整教材。 | 考試關鍵字: • Modification (修改教材) • Full member of the class (班級成員) • Equity (公平性) 英語學習者 (ELs) 與 英語母語學生 坐在同一間教室裡一起上課 。 |
庇護式教學 (Sheltered / SIOP) | [cite_start] 學科內容 (如科學) + 語言發展 同時進行 。 | 普通班級 或 專門的 Sheltered Class | 受過 SIOP 訓練的學科老師 或 ESL 老師 | 重點不在「教英文」,而是「用簡單的英文教物理/歷史」。 | 考試關鍵字: • Content + Language objectives (內容+語言目標) • Comprehensible Input (可理解輸入) • Making content accessible (讓內容可被理解)
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融合教育 (Inclusion) V.S. 庇護式教學 (Sheltered / SIOP)
特徵 | 融合教育 (Inclusion) | 庇護式教學 (Sheltered / SIOP) |
學生組成 (Student Composition) | 混合編班 (ELs + 母語學生) | 通常是 ELs 專班 (全部都是學英文的學生) |
教學重點 (Primary Focus) | 歸屬感與參與 (Belonging) 讓學生參與主流課程 | 學科內容 (Academic Content) 學會數學、科學、社會 |
考試情境題 (Scenario) | "Maria sits next to native English speakers..." (Maria 坐在母語學生旁邊...) | "A class of intermediate ELs learning Biology..." (一班中級 ELs 正在學生物...) |
最常考的理論 | Equity (公平性) | Krashen's Input Hypothesis (輸入假說) Comprehensible Input (可理解輸入) |
More resources: Stephen Krashen 's Five hypotheses https://hmumei.wixsite.com/website/post/theorists-stephen-krashen-1941-present-american


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