IB Leadership 的 7 個 Intelligence (筆記整理)

Seven Interdependent Leadership Intelligences

Intelligence	中文	核心問題	核心英文概念	中文理解
Strategic Intelligence	策略智慧	我們要去哪裡？為什麼？I understand the shared purpose and direction, and think about how to make it work.	I understand where the school needs to go, why it matters, and how people can work together to get there.	理解學校需要往哪裡走、為什麼重要，以及如何讓大家一起朝目標前進。
Cultural Intelligence	文化智慧	不同背景的人怎麼看？	I understand different cultural backgrounds, values, and perspectives.	理解不同文化背景、價值觀與觀點，不把自己的方式視為唯一「正常」的方式。
Relational Intelligence	關係智慧	如何建立信任與合作？	How can I create enough trust for people to work with me?	建立足夠的信任，讓 teachers、parents、students 和其他 stakeholders 願意合作。在鼓勵 professional risk-taking 的 IB environment 中，trust 是重要基礎。
Entrepreneurial Intelligence	創新／企業家智慧	我能不能創造新的可能？	Active, creative, and discovery-driven engagement.	主動參與、發揮創意，並探索新的可能性，尋找可行的新方案。
Pedagogical Intelligence	教學智慧	這真的改善 teaching & learning 嗎？	Does my leadership improve teaching and learning?	確保領導決策最終回到 teaching and learning。IB leaders 需要理解 IB curriculum、approaches to teaching and learning，並建立讓 teachers 參與 development, implementation, and evaluation 的 learning community。
Reflective Intelligence	反思智慧	我從經驗中學到了什麼？	It is not just about checking the results; it also includes reviewing my own behaviour and the influence I have on others and the educational process.	不只是檢查結果，也要檢視自己的行為、對他人的影響，以及自己如何影響整個教育過程。
Heuristic Intelligence	啟發式智慧	資訊不完整、時間有限時，我如何做決定？	Making quick decisions based on experience, judgment, and simple rules when time is limited and information is incomplete.	在複雜問題、資訊不完整、時間有限的情況下，運用經驗、判斷和簡單規則快速做出決定。

七種 Intelligence 的詳細理解

1. Strategic Intelligence｜策略智慧

核心問題：Where are we going? Why does it matter?

I understand where the school needs to go, why it matters, and how people can work together to get there.

也就是：

• Understand the wider problem

• Develop a clear direction

• Understand why the change matters

• Help people work toward a shared goal

中文：策略智慧不是只有「制定計畫」，而是先看見整體問題，理解學校要往哪裡走、為什麼要走這個方向，以及如何讓不同的人一起實現這個方向。

2. Cultural Intelligence｜文化智慧

核心問題：How do different people see the situation?

I understand different cultural backgrounds, values, and perspectives.

也就是：

• Understand different backgrounds

• Recognize different worldviews

• Avoid assuming that my way is the “normal” way

• Learn from different perspectives

中文：文化智慧是理解不同的人可能會用不同的文化、經驗和價值觀來看同一件事情。

這對 IB 特別重要，因為 IB community 本身就是 multicultural and diverse。

3. Relational Intelligence｜關係智慧

核心問題：How can I build trust and collaboration?

How can I create enough trust for people to work with me?

也就是：

• Build trust

• Listen to stakeholders

• Create psychological safety

• Encourage collaboration

• Support professional risk-taking

中文：即使策略很好，如果 people do not trust the leader，策略也很難真正執行。

所以在 IB environment 中，trust → collaboration → professional risk-taking 是很重要的連結。

*From a leadership perspective, although Cultural and Relational Intelligences are closely connected, I see Cultural Intelligence as the ability to understand and appreciate differences, while Relational Intelligence is about using that understanding to build trust and collaboration.

4. Entrepreneurial Intelligence｜創新／企業家智慧

核心問題：What new possibilities can we create?

Active, creative, and discovery-driven engagement.

也就是：

• Be active rather than passive

• Think creatively

• Explore possibilities

• Try new approaches

• Create workable solutions

中文：不是只是「有創意」，而是願意主動探索、嘗試新的方法，並把想法轉化成可行的方案。

5. Pedagogical Intelligence｜教學智慧

核心問題：Does this actually improve teaching and learning?

Does my leadership improve teaching and learning?

也就是：

• Understand IB curriculum

• Understand approaches to teaching and learning

• Keep learning at the centre

• Involve teachers in development, implementation, and evaluation

• Build a learning community

中文：這個 intelligence 很重要，因為 IB leadership 不能只是 administrative leadership。

最終要問的是：

Does this decision actually improve teaching and learning?

也就是：我們做這件事情，最後真的讓學生學得更好、讓老師教得更好嗎？

6. Reflective Intelligence｜反思智慧

核心問題：What did we learn?

It is not just about checking the results; it also includes reviewing my own behaviour and the influence I have on others and the educational process.

也就是：

• Review the results

• Reflect on my own behaviour

• Consider my influence on others

• Examine the educational process

• Learn and adapt

中文：反思智慧不只是問：

「結果好不好？」

還要問：

「我的做法造成了什麼影響？」「我如何影響了 teachers / students？」「下一次我可以做得不一樣嗎？」

所以 Reflection ≠ simply checking results.

7. Heuristic Intelligence｜啟發式智慧

核心問題：How do I make decisions under uncertainty?

Making quick decisions based on experience, judgment, and simple rules when time is limited and information is incomplete.

Heuristics 可以理解成：

efficient rules / mental shortcuts

也就是人在面對：

• complex problems

• incomplete information

• limited time

• uncertainty

時，利用：

Experience + Judgment + Simple Rules → Quick Decision

中文：它不是「隨便猜」，而是當你沒有足夠時間取得所有資訊時，利用過去的經驗、專業判斷與簡單規則，做出一個當下合理的決定。

七個 Intelligence 如何連在一起？

IB Leadership Thinking Process：

Strategic↓我們要去哪裡？為什麼？Understand the wider problem.

↓

Cultural↓不同文化背景的學生、家長、老師怎麼看？Understand different backgrounds and perspectives.

↓

Relational↓如何建立 trust，讓大家願意一起做？Build trust among stakeholders.

↓

Entrepreneurial↓我們能創造什麼新的可能？Create a workable response.

↓

Pedagogical↓這真的改善 teaching & learning 嗎？Keep learning at the centre.

↓

Reflective↓我們做得怎麼樣？我從中學到什麼？Learn and adapt throughout implementation.

↓

Heuristic↓如果突然遇到問題、資訊不完整，我怎麼判斷？Make decisions under uncertainty.

↓

回到 Strategic

因為新的經驗與資訊會讓 leader 重新思考：

Where are we going now?

最好背的版本

Intelligence	一句話記憶
Strategic 策略	Where are we going? → 我們要去哪裡？
Cultural 文化	How do others see it? → 不同的人怎麼看？
Relational 關係	How do we build trust? → 如何建立信任？
Entrepreneurial 創新	What can we create? → 我們能創造什麼？
Pedagogical 教學	Does it improve learning? → 有改善學習嗎？
Reflective 反思	What did we learn? → 我們學到了什麼？
Heuristic 啟發式	How do we decide under uncertainty? → 不確定時怎麼判斷？

一句話總結

Strategic tells us where to go; Cultural helps us understand different perspectives; Relational builds the trust to work together; Entrepreneurial helps us create new possibilities; Pedagogical keeps teaching and learning at the centre; Reflective helps us learn from the process; and Heuristic helps us make decisions when information and time are limited.

中文就是：

Strategic 決定方向，Cultural 理解不同觀點，Relational 建立信任，Entrepreneurial 創造可能，Pedagogical 把 teaching and learning 放在中心，Reflective 從經驗中學習，而 Heuristic 則幫助我們在不確定的情況下做出決定。

Source / Reference:

Calnin, G., Waterson, M., Richards, S., & Fisher, D. (2018).Developing Leaders for International Baccalaureate World Schools.Journal of Research in International Education, 17(2), 99–115.DOI: 10.1177/1475240918790703.

View the article at SAGE Journals